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5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS
Table 5.1.
Minimum spacings, end distances and edge distances for nails and screws with outer thread diameter <12 mm
32
.
Note: EN 1995-1-1:2004 (Eurocode 5) has a limit of
d
ef
<6 mm which corresponds with 9 mm outer thread diameter.
Laterally loaded connections
Spacing or distance,
see Figures 5.4-5.5 and 5.7
Angle α
Minimum spacing or end/edge distance
without predrilled holes
with
predrilled
holes
LVL or GLVL
wide face
LVL or GLVL
edge face
LVL-C or GLVL-C wide
face when pointside
penetration length
of at least 10
d
a)
Spacing
a
1
(parallel to grain)
0° ≤ α ≤ 360°
d
< 5 mm:
(5 + 5
│
cos α
│
)
d
d
≥ 5 mm:
(5 + 7
│
cos α
│
)
d
(7 + 8
│
cos α
│
)
d
5 + 2
│
cos α
│
)
d
(4 +
│
cos α
│
)
d
Spacing
a
2
(perpendicular to grain)
0° ≤ α ≤ 360°
5
d
7
d
5
d
(3 +
│
sin α
│
)
d
Distance
a
3,t
(loaded end)
-90° ≤ α ≤ 90°
(10 + 5 cos α)
d
(15 + 5 cos α)
d
(4 + 3 cos α)
d
(7 + 5 cos α)
d
b)
Distance
a
3,c
(unloaded end)
90° ≤ α ≤ 270°
10
d
15
d
5
d
7d
c)
Distance
a
4,t
(loaded edge)
0° ≤ α ≤ 180°
d
< 5 mm:
(5 + 2 sin α)
d
d
≥ 5 mm:
(5 + 5 sin α)
d
d
< 5 mm:
(7 + 2 sin α)
d
d
≥ 5 mm:
(7 + 5 sin α)
d
(3 + 4 sin α)
d
d
< 5 mm:
(3 + 2 sin α)
d
d
≥ 5 mm:
(3 + 4 sin α)
d
Distance
a
4,c
(unloaded edge)
180° ≤ α ≤ 360° 5
d
7
d
3
d
3
d
Axially loaded screws
Spacing or distance,
see Figures 5.7-5.8
Spacing
a
1
(parallel to grain)
7
d
10
d
7
d
7
d
Spacing
a
2
(perpendicular to grain)
5
d
5
d
5
d
5
d
Minimum end distance of the centre
of gravity of the threaded part of the
screw in the member
a
1,CG
10
d
12
d
10
d
10
d
Minimum edge distance of the centre
of gravity of the threaded part of the
screw in the member
a
2,CG
4
d
4
d
4
d
4
d
a)
When pointside penetration length is less than 10d, the rules in the column LVL or GLVL wide face apply
b)
for LVL-C or GLVL-C wide face and pointside penetration length of at least 10
d
: (4 + 3 cos α)
d
c)
for LVL-C or GLVL-C wide face and pointside penetration length of at least 10
d
: 5
d
LVL Handbook Europe
147