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4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF LVL STRUCTURES
4.2.1 Strength classes for LVL-P without
crossband veneers
For structural LVL made of spruce or pine the most relevant
class is LVL 48 P for beam applications. LVL 32 P is suitable for
stud applications where mechanical property requirements are
lower. LVL 80 P is made from beech hardwood. The symbols of
properties related to different directions of LVL are described
in Table 4.4.
Table 4.5.
Strength classes for structural LVL-P without crossband veneers
15
.
4.2.2 Strength classes for LVL-C with
crossband veneers
For structural LVL made of spruce or pine the most relevant
class is LVL 36 C for load-bearing panels. LVL 25 C is suita-
ble for panel applications where mechanical property require-
ments are lighter. LVL 70 C and LVL 75 C are made from beech
hardwood. The symbols of properties related to different direc-
tions of LVL are described in Table 4.4.
LVL 04, Table 4.5
Strenght class
Property
a
Symbol
Unit
LVL 32 P LVL 35 P LVL 48 P LVL 50 P LVL 80 P
Bending
strength
Edgewise, parallel to grain (depth 300 mm)
f
m,0,edge,k
N/mm²
27
30
44
46
75
Flatwise, parallel to grain
f
m,0,flat,k
N/mm²
32
35
48
50
80
Size effect parameter
s
-
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
Tension
strength
Parallel to grain (length 3 000 mm)
f
t,0,k
N/mm²
22
22
35
36
60
Perpendicular to grain, edgewise
f
t,90,edge,k
N/mm²
0,5
0,5
0,8
0,9
1,5
Compression
strength
Parallel to grain for service class 1
f
c,0,k
N/mm²
26
30
35
42
69
For service class 2 according to EN 1995-1-1
b
21
25
29
35
57
Perpendicular to grain, edgewise
f
c,90,edge,k
N/mm²
4
6
6
8,5
14
Perpendicular to grain, flatwise (except pine)
f
c,90,flat,k
N/mm²
0,8
2,2
2,2
3,5
12
Perpendicular to grain, flatwise, pine
f
c,90,flat,k,pine
N/mm²
MDV
c
3,3
3,3
3,5
–
d
Shear
strength
Edgewise parallel to grain
f
v,0,edge,k
N/mm²
3,2
3,2
4,2
4,8
8
Flatwise, parallel to grain
f
v,0,flat,k
N/mm²
2,0
2,3
2,3
3,2
8
Modulus of
elasticity
Parallel to grain
E
0,mean
e
N/mm²
9 600
12 000 13 800 15 200 16 800
Parallel to grain
E
0,k
f
N/mm²
8 000
10 000 11 600 12 600 14 900
Perpendicular to grain, edgewise
E
c,90,edge,mean
g
N/mm²
MDV
c
MDV
c
430
430
470
Perpendicular to grain, edgewise
E
c,90,edge,k
h
N/mm²
MDV
c
MDV
c
350
350
400
Shear
modulus
Edgewise, parallel to grain
G
0,edge,mean
N/mm²
500
i
500
i
600
650
760
Edgewise, parallel to grain
G
0,edge,k
N/mm²
300
i
350
i
400
450
630
Flatwise, parallel to grain
G
0,flat,mean
N/mm²
320
i
380
i
380
600
850
Flatwise, parallel to grain
G
0,flat,k
N/mm²
240
i
270
i
270
400
760
Density
ρ
mean
kg/m³
440
510
510
580
800
ρ
k
kg/m³
410
480
480
550
730
a
Additional strength, stiffness and density properties not covered by the classes given in this Table may be declared as individual values
b
Value may also be applied in Service Class 1 as a conservative value
c
Property is not expressed as strength class but rather as individual manufacturer´s declared value (MDV)
d
Class not produced from pine
e
Covering
E
m,0,edge,mean,
E
t,0,mean,
E
m,0,flat,mean,
and
E
c,0,mean
f
Covering
E
m,0,edge,k
,
E
t,0,k,
E
m,0,flat,k,
and
E
c,0,k
g
Also covering
E
t,90,edge,mean
h
Also covering
E
t,90,edge,k
i
Property need not be tested if all other properties meet the minimum values for the strength class
118
LVL Handbook Europe