2. LVL STRUCTURES IN FLOORS, WALLS, ROOFS AND IN SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Figure 2.69. LVL-C boards for installing window and cladding elements in concrete buildings. The boards may be a visual element of the architectural detailing. Figure 2.70. Principle of panel bracing to carry horizontal force Fd. of robust diaphragms can be critical, especially if the sections are narrow. Small fastener spacings increase the capacity of the bracing. 75-150 mm is a suitable spacing for nailing and 100200 mm for screwing at the panel edges. At the centre studs of the panels the fastener spacing can be doubled without reducing the bracing capacity. The capacities are based on the panel, nail and stud combinations specified in Section 5.7. The greatest advantage of LVL-C bracing can be achieved in buildings which have large openings, e.g. for windows and doors, and thus a limited space for bracing. As Figure 2.74. illustrates, to achieve the bracing capacity of a 27 mm LVL 36C panel diaphragm, a 15 mm plywood panel diaphragm needs a 1,5 times wider space and a 9 mm plasterboard panel diaphragm needs a 2,5 times wider space. Metsä Wood LVL Handbook Europe 93
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