2. LVL STRUCTURES IN FLOORS, WALLS, ROOFS AND IN SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 2.4 WALL STRUCTURES LVL is used as straight, dimensionally precise vertical studs in timber frame walls. Small dimension studs can be used for non-load-bearing walls, long lengths for high walls, and GLVL columns to support large constructions. Horizontal LVL members: rim boards, lintels, headers, top cords, ledger beams and sole plates transfer loads from upper walls, floors and the roof to the load-bearing studs. Robust LVL-C panels brace the buildings where loads are high or where space for the bracing system is limited, e.g. due to large door and window openings. Figure 2.57. LVL-P studs for non-load-bearing interior walls. 2.4.1 Studs for timber frame walls Straight studs with accurate dimensions are essential for timber frame walls. LVL-P studs create a straight and even base for good quality wall panelling without extra skimming work in the finishing phase. As in vertical structures the highest strength properties are usually not required, LVL 32P is a suitable choice and is available in sizes and lengths tailored for stud applications. It is easy to cut and fasten without special tools. This makes construction work faster and reduces waste. The smallest cross sections are ideal for non-load-bearing interior walls as the smaller stud sizes allow more space in the rooms. Larger sizes can be used e.g. in tall load-bearing walls when the required lengths of other stud types are not available 25. In the lowest floors of timber frame multi-storey buildings, where the loads are the largest, the LVL 48 P stud is an ideal option as it has twice the compression strength of C24 solid wood. However, compression perpendicular to the grain of a sole plate under the studs may set a limit for the minimum stud size. For the dimensioning of non-load-bearing interior walls, it is recommended to check their resistance and deformation based a 0,5 kN/m horizontal rail load at a height of 1 m. When stud spacing is 600mm and instantaneous deformation is limited to H/200, the standard stud size 39x66mm is suitable for a maximum 2500mm high walls and the size 45x66mm suites for 3000mm high walls 25. Chapter 4 provides further information on the dimensioning of LVL studs in load-bearing walls. As the building physics properties of LVL-P studs are similar to solid wood, the acoustic and thermal properties specified for timber frame walls are valid also for structures with LVL-P studs with similar dimensions and detailing. Stora Enso, Koukkuniemi, Finland Metsä Wood Figure 2.56. Installation of plasterboards to LVL-P wall studs. 84 LVL Handbook Europe
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