9. CALCULATION EXAMPLES OF LVL STRUCTURES 9.10 BRACING OF A STUD WALL Define the maximum value of the horizontal force FV,Ed from instantaneous wind load when LVL 36 C panel 27 mm x 1200 mm x 2500 mm is used for wall diaphragm. The panel is nailed to the LVL 48P wall studs, sole plate and top binder with 2,5x60mm round nails. The studs are 51 x 150 mm in spacing bnet = 600 mm. The nail spacing is a constant 100 mm at the perimeters and 200 mm at the centre stud. Service class SC1. The design load-carrying capacity FV,Rd (design racking resistance) under a horizontal force FV,Ed from wind load acting at the top of a cantilever panel secured against uplift is determined using the simplified method A of Eurocode 5 in section 9.2.4.2. F_(V,Rd)=(F_(f,Rd)∙b∙c)/s where b = panels width 1200 mm c = {█(1,when b≥h/2@b/(h/2),when b<h/2)┤→c=(2500 mm)/(1200 mm)=0,96 s = nail spacing in perimeters = 100 mm Ff,Rd = lateral design capacity of an individual fastener FV,nail,Rd multiplied by 1,2 (EC5 9.2.4.2 (5). FV,nail,Rd is the minimum of failure modes (a) –(f) calculated from EC5 8.2.2, equation (8.6). Geometry requirements of nail connections: Pointside penetration length t2 should be at least 8d= 8∙2,5 mm = 20 mm. Nail length l = 60 mm – panels thickness 27 mm = 33 mm > 20 mm → OK. The penetration length t1 in LVL-C panel thickness should be at least 4d = 4∙2,5 mm = 10 mm → OK. The unloaded edge distance a4,C should be at least 3d = 3∙2,5 mm = 8 mm in the face side of LVL-C panel and 7d = 7∙2,5 mm =18 mm in the LVL-P edge face. The minimum stud thickness is 2∙7d = 36 mm for a perimeter stud and 2∙(7d+3d) + 1 mm = 51 mm when the panel joint is at a stud location, see Table 5.5 of panel joints. LVL 36 C 27 x 1200 x 2500 mm panel for wall diaphragm. LVL 48 P 51 x 150 mm studs, sole plate and top binder. V,Rd = f,Rd ∙ ∙ b = panels width 1200 mm =� 1,when ≥ ℎ/2 ℎ/2 ,when b <ℎ/2→ = 1 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 mm mm = 0,96 s = nail spacing in perimeters = 100 mm Ff,Rd = lateral design capacity of an individual fastener FV,nail,Rd multiplied by 1,2 (EC5 9.2.4.2 (5). FV,nail,Rd is the minimum of failure modes (a) –(f) calculated from EC5 8.2.2, equation (8.6). V,Rd = f,Rd ∙ ∙ b = panels width 1200 mm =� 1,when ≥ ℎ/2 ℎ/2 ,when b <ℎ/2→ = 1 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 mm mm = 0,96 s = nail spacing in perimeters = 100 mm Ff,Rd = lateral design capacity of an individual fastener FV,nail,Rd multiplied by 1,2 (EC5 9.2.4.2 (5). FV,nail,Rd is the minimum of failure modes (a) –(f) calculated from EC5 8.2.2, equation (8.6). LVL Handbook Europe 209
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