5. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS Table 5.1. Minimum spacings, end distances and edge distances for nails and screws with outer thread diameter <12 mm 32. Note: EN 1995-1-1:2004 (Eurocode 5) has a limit of def<6 mm which corresponds with 9 mm outer thread diameter. Laterally loaded connections Spacing or distance, see Figures 5.4-5.5 and 5.7 Angle α Minimum spacing or end/edge distance without predrilled holes with predrilled holes LVL or GLVL wide face LVL or GLVL edge face LVL-C or GLVL-C wide face when pointside penetration length of at least 10d a) Spacing a1 (parallel to grain) 0° ≤ α ≤ 360° d < 5 mm: (5 + 5│cos α│) d d ≥ 5 mm: (5 + 7│cos α│) d (7 + 8│cos α│) d (5 + 2│cos α│) d (4 +│cos α│) d Spacing a2 (perpendicular to grain) 0° ≤ α ≤ 360° 5d 7d 5d (3 +│sin α│) d Distance a3,t (loaded end) -90° ≤ α ≤ 90° (10 + 5 cos α) d (15 + 5 cos α) d (4 + 3 cos α) d (7 + 5 cos α) d b) Distance a3,c (unloaded end) 90° ≤ α ≤ 270° 10d 15d 5d 7d c) Distance a4,t (loaded edge) 0° ≤ α ≤ 180° d < 5 mm: (5 + 2 sin α) d d ≥ 5 mm: (5 + 5 sin α) d d < 5 mm: (7 + 2 sin α) d d ≥ 5 mm: (7 + 5 sin α) d (3 + 4 sin α) d d < 5 mm: (3 + 2 sin α) d d ≥ 5 mm: (3 + 4 sin α) d Distance a4,c (unloaded edge) 180° ≤ α ≤ 360° 5d 7d 3d 3d Axially loaded screws Spacing or distance, see Figures 5.7-5.8 Spacing a1 (parallel to grain) 7d 10d 7d 7d Spacing a2 (perpendicular to grain) 5d 5d 5d 5d Minimum end distance of the centre of gravity of the threaded part of the screw in the member a1,CG 10d 12d 10d 10d Minimum edge distance of the centre of gravity of the threaded part of the screw in the member a2,CG 4d 4d 4d 4d a) When pointside penetration length is less than 10d, the rules in the column LVL or GLVL wide face apply b) for LVL-C or GLVL-C wide face and pointside penetration length of at least 10d: (4 + 3 cos α) d c) for LVL-C or GLVL-C wide face and pointside penetration length of at least 10d: 5d LVL Handbook Europe 147
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