4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF LVL STRUCTURES Figure 4.9. Connection between a cord and diagonal strut or secondary beams connected to the lower part of a main beam create tension stresses perpendicular to the grain. When the cord member is LVL-C and the connection is on the face side, equation 8.4 of EN1995-1-1 is not applied, since LVL-C is not sensitive to splitting (Modified from EC5 figure 8.1). for their standards classes are not defined directly from testing according to EN 408. In addition to the compression resistance itself, usually the stability design (buckling) of the members is more critical, see subsection 4.3.9. 4.3.6 Compression perpendicular to the grain Compression perpendicular to the grain design is defined in EN1995-1-1, Clause 6.1.5. The following expression shall be satisfied: σ_(c,90,d)≤k_(c,90)∙f_(c,90,d) (4.13) (EC5 6.3) with σ_(c,90,d)=F_(c,90,d)/A_ef (4.14) (EC5 6.4) Where σc,90,d is the design compressive stress in the contact area perpendicular to the grain; Fc,90,d is the design compressive load perpendicular to the grain; Aef is the effective contact area in compression perpendicular to the grain; fc,90,d is the design compressive strength perpendicular to the grain; and kc,90 is a factor taking into account the load configuration, the possibility of splitting, and the degree of compressive deformation. Figure 4.10. Compression parallel to grain of surface veneers. Figure 4.11. Compression perpendicular to the grain of surface veneers. ,0, = c,0,d ≤ c,0,d (4.12) c,90,d ≤ c,90 ∙ c,90,d (4.13) (EC5 6.3) with c,90,d = c,90,d ef (4.14) (EC5 6.4) ,0, = c,0,d ≤ c,0,d (4.12) c,90,d ≤ c,90 ∙ c,90,d (4.13) (EC5 6.3) with c,90,d = c,90,d ef (4.14) (EC5 6.4) LVL Handbook Europe 123
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