4. STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF LVL STRUCTURES Table 4.6. Strength classes for structural LVL-C with crossband veneers 15. Table 4.6 Strenght class Property a Symbol Unit LVL 22 C LVL 25 C LVL 32 C LVL 36 C LVL 70 C LVL 75 C Bending strength Edgewise, parallel to grain (depth 300 mm) fm,0,edge,k N/mm² 19 20 28 32 54 60 Flatwise, parallel to grain fm,0,flat,k N/mm² 22 25 32 36 70 75 Size effect parameter s - 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 Flatwise, perpendicular to grain fm,90,flat,k N/mm² DoP c DoP c 7 8 32 20 Tension strength Parallel to grain (length 3 000 mm) ft,0,k N/mm² 14 15 18 22 45 51 Perpendicular to grain, edgewise ft,90,edge,k N/mm² 4 4 5 5 16 8 Compression strength Parallel to grain for service class 1 fc,0,k N/mm² 18 18 18 26 54 64 For service class 2 according to EN 1995-1-1 b 15 15 15 21 45 53 Perpendicular to grain, edgewise fc,90,edge,k N/mm² 8 8 9 9 45 23 Perpendicular to grain, flatwise (except pine) fc,90,flat,k N/mm² 1,0 1,0 2,2 2,2 16 16 Perpendicular to grain, flatwise, pine fc,90,flat,k,pine N/mm² DoP c DoP c 3,3 3,3 – d – d Shear strength Edgewise parallel to grain fv,0,edge,k N/mm² 3,6 3,6 4,5 4,5 7,8 7,8 Flatwise, parallel to grain fv,0,flat,k N/mm² 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 3,8 3,8 Flatwise, perpendicular to grain fv,90,flat,k N/mm² DoP c DoP c 0,6 0,6 DoP c DoP c Modulus of elasticity Parallel to grain E0,mean e N/mm² 6 700 7 200 10 000 10 500 11 800 13200 Parallel to grain E0,k f N/mm² 5 500 6 000 8 300 8 800 10 900 12200 Perpendicular to grain, edgewise E90,edge,mean g N/mm² DoP c DoP c 2 400 2 400 DoP c DoP c Perpendicular to grain, edgewise E90,edge,k h N/mm² DoP c DoP c 2 000 2 000 DoP c DoP c Perpendicular to grain, flatwise Em,90,flat,mean N/mm² DoP c DoP c 1 200 2 000 DoP c DoP c Perpendicular to grain, flatwise Em,90,flat,k N/mm² DoP c DoP c 1 000 1 700 DoP c DoP c Shear modulus Edgewise, parallel to grain G0,edge,mean N/mm² 500 i 500 i 600 600 820 820 Edgewise, parallel to grain G0,edge,k N/mm² 300 i 300 i 400 400 660 660 Flatwise, parallel to grain G0,flat,mean N/mm² 70 i 70 i 80 120 430 430 Flatwise, parallel to grain G0,flat,k N/mm² 55 i 55 i 60 100 380 380 Flatwise, perpendicular to grain G90,flat,mean N/mm² DoP c DoP c 22 22 DoP c DoP c Flatwise, perpendicular to grain G90,flat,k N/mm² DoP c DoP c 16 16 DoP c DoP c Density ρmean kg/m³ 440 440 510 510 800 800 ρk kg/m³ 410 410 480 480 730 730 a Additional strength, stiffness and density properties not covered by the classes may be declared as individual values b Value may also be applied in Service Class 1 as a conservative value c Property is not expressed for the strength class but it may be given in the Declaration of Performance (DoP) of the LVL manufacturer d Class not produced from pine e Covering Em,0,edge,mean, Et,0,mean, Em,0,flat,mean, and Ec,0,mean f Covering Em,0,edge,k, Et,0,k, Em,0,flat,k, and Ec,0,k g Covering Em,90,edge,mean, Et,90,edge,mean and Ec,90,edge,mean h Covering Em,90,edge,k, Et,90,edge,k and Ec,90,edge,k i Property need not be tested if all other properties meet the minimum values for the strength class LVL Handbook Europe 119
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